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Methods and means of warfare

… methods and means of waging war are the Hague Conventions of 1907, the 1977 Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions and a series of agreements … says Treaty law Protocol I additional to the Geneva Conventions, 1977 – Art. 35–60 Protocol …

Law and policy topic
International humanitarian law dissemination session with soldiers of the Colombian armed forces.

Protected persons: Internally displaced persons

… response. What the law says Treaty law Fourth Geneva Convention, 1949 – art. 44, 45, 49, 70 Protocol I additional to the Geneva Conventions, 1977 – Art. 73, 85 Protocol II …

Law and policy topic
Civilians leaving their neighborhood during fighting in Mosul, Iran.

The environment and warfare

… objective. Protocol I additional to the Geneva Conventions adds a specific prohibition on … environmental m… Protocol I additional to the Geneva Conventions, 1977 Customary IHL Rule …

Law and policy topic
Oil refinery on fire in the outskirts of Grosny (Russia) as result of bombing raid.

Direct participation in hostilities

… part in hostilities. However, neither the Geneva Conventions nor their Additional Protocols … expert meetings were held in The Hague and Geneva between 2003 and 2008, bringing …

Law and policy topic
Tribal fighters stand in civilian clothes with their homemade gun in Papua New Guinea.

Chemical and biological weapons

… articles What does the law say? Treaty law Geneva Protocol, 1925 Biological Weapons … Convention, 1993 Protocol I additional to the Geneva Conventions, 1977 – Article 36 Customary law …

Law and policy topic
Training on chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) hazards hosted by the defense forces of Ireland and organized by the ICRC.

Occupation

… in The Hague Regulations of 1907, the Fourth Geneva Convention and Protocol I additional to the Geneva Conventions. Under occupation law, the …

Law and policy topic
سور من الأسلاك الشائكة في الضفة الغربية

Gender and IHL

… based on sex, ICRC, Commentary on the Third Geneva Convention, … Due regard for women, ICRC, Commentary on the Third Geneva Convention, Article … Customary law …

Law and policy topic
A woman evacuated from the war zone awaits her husband's arrival in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka.

Other bodies of law protecting persons affected by violence

… to IHL as well. IHL is based on the 1949 Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, … weapons. The ICRC has a mandate under the Geneva Conventions, as the guardian of IHL, to …

Law and policy topic
Two women who fled Nigeria and sought refuge in Chad speak with an ICRC employee about their living conditions in the refugee camp.

Protected persons: Missing persons

… says Treaty law Protocol I additional to the Geneva Conventions, 1977 – Art. 32–34 Fourth Geneva Convention, 1949 – Art. 26 …

Law and policy topic
Child holds picture of missing family member.

Domestic law and IHL

… restriction of certain combat tactics. The Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional … and practical measures. For example, the Geneva Conventions require states to put an …

Law and policy topic
Flags fly at the Mont-Blanc bridge in Geneva, marking the 30th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent.

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ICRC library

Created in 1863, the ICRC library, alongside the ICRC archives, provides an indispensable documentary reference on the organization itself and international humanitarian law.

IHL treaties

International humanitarian law is based on a number of treaties, in particular the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols, and a series of other instruments.

Customary IHL

Customary international humanitarian law consists of rules that come from "a general practice accepted as law" and that exist independent of treaty law.