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Anti-Personnel Landmines: Friend or Foe? A Study of the Military Use and Effectiveness of Anti-Personnel Mines

his study examines the military case for continued use of anti-personnel landmines. Mines employed in conflicts since 1940, whether by professional armies, by insurgents or in counter-insurgency …

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Protecting People Deprived of their Liberty

This illustrated booklet explains why, when and how the ICRC assists and protects people deprived of their liberty. It gives an overview of the various activities we carry out and programmes we run …

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Handbook on International Rules Governing Military Operations

Modern military operations include combat in armed conflict, law enforcement activities, and peace support operations. In this increasingly complex environment, it is imperative that armed forces …

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Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949

A number of legal experts took part in this collective work, written with the collaboration of Jean Pictet. For the section on Protocol I relative to international armed conflicts: Claude Pilloud, …

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Commentary on the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, Volume II

The four volumes of the Commentary were published between 1952 and 1959. This imposing work is intended for specialists and specialized institutions. It will be of service to legal scholars and to …

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Commentary on the Geneva Conventions of August 12 1949. Volume I, 1952

The four volumes of the Commentary were published between 1952 and 1959. This imposing work is intended for specialists and specialized institutions. It will be of service to legal scholars and to …

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Basic Rules of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols

The text of the Geneva Conventions and of their Additional Protocols is very complex and not always easily understood by the layperson. A simplified work was needed to present and explain these …

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Summary of the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and their Additional Protocols

This is not an abridged commentary on the Conventions and their Additional Protocols, but a summary of their main provisions, with references to the relevant articles. For all categories of …

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Ambulance and Pre-Hospital Services in Risk Situations

This report sets out ways to make pre-hospital care and ambulance services operating in areas of armed violence safer. Written by the Norwegian Red Cross with support from the ICRC and the Mexican …

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Myanmar: Helping detainees reach home safely

To some, home means everything. To us, how they get there is just as important. Nearly 25,000 detainees, out of almost 100,000 in Myanmar, were recently released following this year's Presidential …

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ICRC library

Created in 1863, the ICRC library, alongside the ICRC archives, provides an indispensable documentary reference on the organization itself and international humanitarian law.

IHL treaties

International humanitarian law is based on a number of treaties, in particular the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols, and a series of other instruments.

Customary IHL

Customary international humanitarian law consists of rules that come from "a general practice accepted as law" and that exist independent of treaty law.